Prolonged Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Associates with Inflammation, Vascular Remodelling, and Myofibroblast Formation
Background
• Prolonged kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the important risk factor for leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Persistent hypoxia and inflammation are considered as the main pathogenesis of chronic injury, followed by myofibroblast expansion and fibrosis process. Tubular injury, cell proliferation, and vasoconstriction, as acute compensatory responses, are restored in chronic phase.
• In conclusion, prolonged kidney I/R injury induces the sustainability of hypoxia and inflammatory response, which promotes myofibroblast formation, and decrease the response of vascular remodelling